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Countering pipe modes

That's right. If a horn's mouth is too small, it becomes more resonant. As taper is reduced, the cross section becomes increasingly more like a pipe.

Reactance annulling can be used to smooth response, but it can only cancel one node. The idea is to use the resonance of the driver in the rear chamber to counteract one standing wave node, usually the primary one. Reactance annulling cannot be used to counter all standing wave nodes.

Standing wave nodes can be countered with another method. Using careful driver placement, some antinodes can be cancelled or reduced. This is usually accomplished by offsetting the driver some distance from the end of the pipe. For several years, Martin King has been championing the idea of using careful placement to modify what standing wave nodes are energized, thereby cancelling or smoothing the antinodes.


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