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Re: when horn expansion and mouth size exceed the 1/4 lambda

Hi

Radiation angle does not enter to it at these dimensions; angular coverage is set where the mouth is larger than needed for impedance transformation. Directivity can raise the on axis SPL but not efficiency.

I would describe the situation more like this:
The expansion rate governs how low the horn can transform impedance, a 30 hz horn needs to double its area about every two feet, a 60Hz horn, every foot.
Horns are fundamentally resonant devices, the lowest mode a horn can resonate is its quarter wave mode, it can’t reach maximum efficiency until it is at least one half WL long.
For every driver and desired high and low cutoff, there is an appropriate rear volume, front volume, expansion rate and mouth diameter.
Conversely, if one wants a high efficiency horn with the physical properties defined, then the driver properties can be found.
The math which defines this stuff (like Marshal Leach’s and Don Keele’s) all assumes one is on the flat part of the horn radiation curve.

I am game, how does one increase radiation resistance without adding length?
Best,

Tom

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