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In Reply to: Re: Tough question posted by Duke on February 1, 2006 at 00:30:20:
The distributed resonance is easy to understand even without reading about it, but 20 Hz stretchs my credibility.I would like to know what SPL you were getting at 20 Hz. because I'll bet that the excursion capability of those panels in not that great. And lets not forget that Electrostatic drive is inherently nonlinear, which is usually not a problem with small excursions, but large nonlinear excurions in a full range unit would be a big problem.
So 20 Hz. - perhaps - but 20 Hz. with an audible SPL of say 90 dB and a clean full range sound? That I have real trouble with.
I would love to see a polar map of them. If they are as good as claimed - show me the data!
Earl Geddes
Follow Ups:
The 20 Hz ballpark measurements I saw were indeed at much less than 90 dB.I have a Paula Cole song ("Tiger" off of "This Fire") with heavy synthesizer riffs that will bottom out the SoundLabs at SPL's in the mid 90's. I haven't measured how loud they go in the deep bass, but I believe the diaphragm-to-stator spacing is 3/16 inch, so that would be x-max.
I'll ask Roger West if he has any polar maps that he'd be willing to share.
Duke
DukeWith electrostats it is critical that the diaphragm not have excessive motion or come near the stator because of the very high non-linearity that would ensue in this case. Few talk about the inherent nonlinearity in an electro-static motor system, but it is there (see the chapter on motors in Audio Transducers). This is usually because we always assume "small displacements" but if these displacements are not small then the nonlinearity can be quite large.
I'm not a believer in distortion being a big factor in perception - the data is simply swinging my beliefs the other way - but one thing that I am clear on is that the perception of distortion depends on the bandwidth of the driver. The worst case is a full range driver because a 30 Hz tone can modulate a 3000 Hz one which might be quite audible. Although our distortion tests were full range and pure 2nd order was virtually inaudible, so maybe thats how the Labs get away with the large excursions.
I'll bet the IM for a 30 Hz. note and a 3 kHz one at 90 dB SPL would be on the order of 50%. Still, perhaps not audible. Its an interesting situation.
Earl Geddes
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