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Horn phase

Posted by Wayne Parham on September 14, 2003 at 22:29:09:
When disparate results are obtained using different measurement systems, one must consider the possibility of ambiguity. But there is no ambiguity in the correlation between phase and the ratios of real and imaginery impedance. You can easily find phase when resistance and reactance are known.
The relationship between phase and impedance is determined by the following formula:
θ = ArcTan i / r
where,
θ is the phase angle
i is the imaginary or reactive impedance, and
r is the real or resistive impedance
Considering this, you can easily find the phase where impedance is known.
So let's look again at the response chart for a horn:
You can see that the horn is intended to be used from 40Hz to 400Hz, so that's the region of interest. You'll notice that the device is quite reactive, meaning that it has non-zero phase. And it isn't trivial - It is a significant amount. For example, phase θ = 65^oat 55Hz, 45^o at 110Hz, 30^o at 200Hz and 20^o at 400Hz, where the horn has reached upper cutoff. Phase isn't consistent either, but instead is a series of ripples representing large closely-spaced changes in phase.
Wayne