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It is and it isn't.

Any given instrument is time aligned and phase coherent. However, in an orchestra different instruments can be at very different distances from you. For example, the first violins may be spread out over 10- 20 feet. Though they are playing the same notes, the sound will arrive at different phases from the various instruments depending on their distances. Since sound travels at about 1000 ft/sec, there will also be very small differences in time of arrival. I think (wild guess) that the phase coherence of any given instrument is important, but the difference among the various instruments in the same section doesn't matter much. Not that you can do anything about it!

Somewhere on the web I once found a university study of the audibilty of phase coherence and time alignment. As I recall, there were about 20 listeners who listened blind- they didn't know how much out of pahse or time alignment the different drivers were for each evaluation. The results were very clear-cut. In this study either time alignment or phase coherence were judged to sound significantly better than the absence of both, but you didn't need to have both at the same time. Either one did the trick, and both was no better.

Joe

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