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Complementary transistors

The solid-state equivalent to a tube push-pull stage is a complementary output, with NPN between the positive rail and the load, and PNP between the load and the negative rail.

Until recently, there were no good matches of NPN and PNP power transistors for audio service. The PNP uses holes in the base as minority carriers, and these have much lower mobility than the electrons in the NPN bases.

ON Semiconductor makes a nice complementary pair: MJL3281A and MJL1302A. These are used in the InnerSound ESL-300 and similar amps.

However, nothing in my experience beats Ralph Karsten's Circlotronic OTL tube output stage.


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