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I found this:
Grounds, grounded elements, and returns Black
Heaters or filaments, off ground Brown
Power supply, B plus Red
Screen grids Orange
Cathodes Yellow
Control grids Green
Plates Blue
Power supply, minus Violet
AC power lines Gray
Follow Ups:
You can use regular Permanent Marker (Sharpie) in far more colours than you can probably afford to stock in different colour wire spools. It's relatively easy to run a straight(-ish) line along a wire before you install it or cut it from your spool or coil. $10 worth of markers and all white dielectric and you're good to go.You can also use the same technique even if you do use a wide selection of colours ... differentiate your red wire with a black stripe on one, a green stripe on another, and so on.
Edits: 03/22/17
in my amp builds, I use mostly the same wire, 20awg solid silver with clear teflon jacket but with small different color pieces of heat shrink at the ends and middle to identify where they are hooked up
what's a good source for good silver wire?
I have purchased silver wire and the teflon jacket from Handmade... also have purchased wire, especially heavier gauge (14awg & 12awg)from Rio Grande...
https://www.riogrande.com/Product/999-Fine-Silver-Round-Wire-10-Ga-Dead-Soft/105310
Handmade Electronics
You can find multi-conductor control cable scraps at surplus houses. Just take 6 feet and open it up. Some cables have over 40 conductors with a unique color code.
Unfortunately silver plated munticonductor cable is very rare.
I would love to do that, but I buy wire 100' rolls and to do the initial stocking it would be almost $2000.
I tend to use green for Earth, Black for line and Red for everything down stream of the Power secondaries. I do go RED/BLK on the OPT secondaries. There are exceptions, when I run out of particular color...
One practice that has yielded a more quiet build is using shielded cable for filaments and signal. I leave one end of the shield available to earth. Has been useful.
Stuben
Just pretend you're wiring airplanes; use white everywhere.
cheers,
Douglas
Friend, I would not hurt thee for the world...but thou art standing where I am about to shoot.
"Just pretend you're wiring airplanes; use white everywhere"
This is common practice even in industrial applications. The difference being wires are tagged on either end to identify them.
I work in an oil refinery where there are set standards and practices as far as wire gauge and color depending on application and voltage. Just sayin'.
OH no...it was entirely sarcastic. I hate that practice. Though I would love to use the religious fanatic-prescribed colour to hang its proponents with after they failed a listening test on the subject.
cheers,
Douglas
Friend, I would not hurt thee for the world...but thou art standing where I am about to shoot.
...what you describe is exactly the "more" I was suspecting. Recall the "discussion" here of a few years ago where the color black was disparaged. Recall too that one of the cited proofs of black's badness was Kimber's purchase of some kind of $100K analyzer that was able to detect electrical differences between various insulation colors. Curiously, at the time, Kimber offered all sorts of cables with black insulated wire. More curiously, I don't see black in Kimber's current offerings.
Too lazy to look up that thread although might be worthwhile to someone else just for entertainment value.
there is ferrous material, along with arsenic and mercury AND cadmium and etc. in this modified element, hence this 'theory'.
The Mind has No Firewall~ U.S. Army War College.
Edits: 03/07/17
Never mind the fact that much "black" coloring is obtained with "nigrosine" dye. Dyestuff chemistry is, very much, "a can of worms".
Carbon black (soot) used in tires would be a POOR choice in wire insulation. Think CF and CC resistors.
Eli D.
Right, Eli... coke comprises 65 to 70 percent of nigrosine dye.
Chemistry is one of the most fascinating fields {to me} that I never delved into.
The Mind has No Firewall~ U.S. Army War College.
The dye is what is known as an azo (N=N) compound. In the past, the analine and nitrobenzene starting materials would have been obtained from the byproducts of steel making coke manufacture. I expect that petroleum is currently used, as the starting point.
Eli D.
"Kimber's purchase of some kind of $100K analyzer that was able to detect electrical differences between various insulation colors."
I have no idea what Kimber did. However, I once had the opportunity to test long runs of twisted pair with a Hewlett-Packard cable analyzer that was one of only three in the world. The one I used was recalled from Japan for my company to use. The bottom line is that there is a measurable difference in the characteristics of different insulation colors, or at least the wire they encompass. Note that we were measuring runs of a thousand feet and longer, and the differences were very small. A few feet of wire in an amplifier would show no measurable or audible difference.
--------------------------
Buy Chinese. Bury freedom.
It is plausible that insulation color and some variation of wire characteristic(s) might be correlated but that the color itself is not the actual cause of the variation.
One possibility is that in a wire mfg facility, a particular insulation extruder is dedicated to one or two similar colors to avoid the production inefficiencies assoc with changing colors. Since the dies are manufactured within some manufacturing tolerance, under these conditions, it's probable that any two dies for two extruders (colors) will produce insulation thickness slightly different from each other. This in turn might be expected to result in slight differences in measurable characteristics of say twisted pairs built up of wires from different extruders (colors). It's probably safe to assume that machine to machine production variation is monitored and controlled to the extent that measurable cable differences due to this variation is small and would become most apparent with long runs where differences would be magnified. If this type of dimensional production variation is a cause of variation of measurable cable charactetistics, it seems reasonable to expect correlation of cable characteristic to insulation specific color to be confined to specific production runs of a specific manufacturer. IOW, all else equal, black cable from mfg "A" might be closer to spec than red and white cable from mfg "B" might be closer to spec than their black.
For audio apps, color vs goodness is probably in the mind of the beholder.
z
...thus my commentary at the end that color goodness is probably in the mind of the audiophile beholder.BTW & FWIW, JOC I got out my handy dandy mechanical Mitutoyo dial caliper and measured the OA thickness of various colors of insulated wire in my stash. There are readily measurable and presumably electrically significant (under proper conditions) differences in OA wire thickness between colors. Same mfg and style. Relatively consistent along the length meas but different amongst colors.
Edits: 03/06/17
Not to mention thousands of radio, television, mastering facilities, and recording studios are wired with millions of miles of black wire world wide.
Go figure!
Theories such as this are alive as long as some band of religious fanatics say they are. No proof beyond their claim is required. Examine the news, 3-5 million illegal immigrants voted....more of same, with the same sort believing it.
cheers,
Douglas
Friend, I would not hurt thee for the world...but thou art standing where I am about to shoot.
With my apologies to the OP for helping to get off track.
Edits: 03/07/17
Please don't raise what is, at best, a hypothesis to the level of theory. We speak of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity and its Gravity Law, which have passed, with flying colors, every experimental test devised, to date.
I categorize the insulation color idea as psychotic musings.
"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof."
Eli D.
I follow color codes but use older coding such as green for filament, yellow for rectifier filament, red for B+, etc.
Generally:
+ve side of circuit: red
-ve side of circuit: white (or black)
Transformer to filaments/heaters: green
The exceptions are the AC runs to the power transformers, which are per regulations.
My next build will use different wire diameters depending on the stage (current) and purpose (hint: the ratio of signal to B+, local PS returns, signal returns).
AC filaments/heaters: tightly twisted solid core, large enough to carry the current plus some headroom (but not heavily over-sized).
Where the desired wire colour is not available I will use white wire, clearly labelled/coloured to leave no doubt about its purpose.
91.
"Confusion of goals and perfection of means seems to characterise our age." Albert Einstein
good for organization!
but even I (as a transformer maker) might not each of the colors you've listed.
do you use all of the same type (grade) of wire?
Builder of MagneQuest & Peerless transformers since 1989
Thanks for your answer Mike!I'm gearing up to do my first non kit build based on my new old FS-030s, Vaic VV-30B tubes, and Laurel mono chassis and parts, that I never finished back in the '90s. Went 45 BHead instead, with my then Avantgarde Duos. Now I'm looking at wire choices, as well as different circuits. Might go with the Laurel circuit, or try direct coupled, or JE Labs, or 91a...... so many options.
Edits: 03/04/17 03/04/17
I think there really is only "one" option - for highest possible performance and quality...build the simplest.Two stage, direct coupled, with a mu of 100 driver tube, and a LSES power supply. All the rest, I find, is second fiddle to that.
TCSS is OK, seven strands of three different gauge 5N copper wire, in teflon, about 19 AWG. Today, I enjoy using Mil Spec M22759/11 a whole lot, its multi stranded copper, silver plated, teflon jacketed, in various gauges...12, 14, 16 and 18 AWG. Many pretty colors, a JOY to work with...eBay .... low-ball the Sellers.
Jeff Medwin
Edits: 03/04/17
Thanks Jeff! Got a favorite schematic?
Yeah, schematic and a written description for you - also. Email me at drlowmu@gmail.com, and we will arrange to talk over this weekend, Sunday, afternoon on - you call me or vice versa. That is by far, the best way to get things communicated !!In all your prior amp owning and listening, I think you were using a two stage 45 amp and a three stage 2A3 amp. You haven't yet heard what a 2A3, particularly, a JJ 2A3-40 can do, until you go two stage, and direct coupled. Perfect for your speakers, and tastes.
Jeff
Edits: 03/04/17 03/04/17
"do you use all of the same type (grade) of wire? "good question. I've read some are doubling up TCSS in certain places.
Edits: 03/04/17
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