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In Reply to: RE: Inexpensive external bi-wire cables. posted by Duster on May 15, 2017 at 17:32:38
Image: This diagram of the cross section of a 4-conductor cable is in black and white except for the red colored positive plus signs (+) for a reason, since it's the only thing that's important about a cross-connected star quad wiring scheme.
It's easy to terminate a 4-conductor cable that's expressly indicated as a star quad cable, since there are two conductors that are color-coded as positive (+) and the other two are color-coded as negative (-).
However, there are multi-color 4-conductor cables that can be confusing to terminate, with a different color for each of the four conductors. It's easy to understand what is necessary to wire any 4-conductor cable via a star quad geometry by thinking of the configuration as being *cross-connected*. This means the opposing conductors within the cable bundle are tied together, rather than side-by-side which may be intended as a dual-channel cable with perhaps less crosstalk, while a star quad cable is always a single-channel cable, with two conductors per polarity that are cross-connected.
The benefit of a star quad geometry rather than side-by-side is lowered inductance, and superior noise rejection/suppression vs. a twisted pair, for example.
Follow Ups:
In the case of the 4-conductor AudioQuest FLX, there are Black, Red, Green, and White conductors.
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A single-channel, cross-connected star quad wiring scheme is:
Black and Green are tied and connected together for negative (-)
Red and White are tied and connected together for positive (+)
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A 2-channel in-wall or internal bi-wire scheme is:
One channel: Black for negative (-), Red for positive (+)
Other channel: White for negative (-), Green for positive (+)
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Is the quad configuration of use when the two pairs are not using the same frequencies?
Like biwired speaker wiring. (does it matter?)
Also is it any good if only one pair of a quad set are in use at some times? Or would two sets of twisted pairs better in that case?
IE is a quad twist best if BOTH sets are in equal use?
"Is this as useful when the 'pairs' are used for different frequencies. like biwired speaker cable(?)"
There are no benefits if a 4-conductor cable implemented as an internal bi-wire cable is wired cross-connected. The benefits of a star quad wiring scheme depends on all four conductors being used for a single run.
A typical 4-conductor, four color-coded internal bi-wire wiring scheme is to connect the two pairs of separated wires side-by-side rather than cross connected, which is the opposite of a star quad wiring scheme which optimizes the electrical fields of a single run by cross-connecting all four wires together.
The reason why some 4-conductor speaker cables feature only two color codes such as Canare's star quad cables, Kimber's KWIK speaker cables, VH Audio's Flavor 4 power cable, etc. is that they are designed or intended for a cross-connected star quad application, which requires all four conductors to be used for a single run. They are not intended for use as an internal bi-wire cable.
"Also is it any good if only one pair of a quad set are in use at some times? Or would two sets of twisted pairs better in that case? IE is a quad twist best if BOTH sets are in equal use?"
The best option is to use two star quad cables, one run for the high-posts, the other for the low-posts, which is an external bi-wire configuration.
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