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Hum

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Posted on March 31, 2015 at 08:47:19
Lee of Omaha
Dealer

Posts: 1800
Location: Omaha NE
Joined: September 8, 2006
After trying in vain to modify a modern-production Audio Technica turntable to eliminate or at least greatly lessen hum I got to thinking.

Why is the standard for turntable single-ended output? Why not balanced, using either XLR or two RCAs? Twin RCAs could be retrofit onto any turntable, as could XLRs. If twin RCAs were used each "hot" would carry one side, and the shield would be common ground.

Phono preamps would have to be differential, but that's no big deal at all.

BTW, on the Audio Technica turntable, after extensive experimentation we determined that the turntable, and not the cartridge or the preamp, was the culprit. We tried twisting AC leads, which surprisingly did nothing, and taking the leads from the tonearm straight out through high-quality RCA cables.

Other experimentation revealed that the damn thing produced substantial hum even with the cartridge shorted at the cartridge.

I think the culprit is the non-toroidal power transformer. Remoting the power supply might eliminate the hum, and using a toroidal would be a good idea, as well.

This turntable appears to be of good quality until it's opened. The bottom plastic, and most of the weight comes from a thick steel plate in the bottom, not from the platter, which is nice light ringy aluminum.

 

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Not a new idea, but a good one.., posted on March 31, 2015 at 10:58:33
Lew
Audiophile

Posts: 10912
Location: Bethesda, Maryland
Joined: December 11, 2000
Balanced phono stages certainly do exist and balanced connections are very advantageous as regards hum problems. Unfortunately, the true balanced phono stages I know about are all rather expensive, but there may be a solid state one that is not so costly. I use an Atma-sphere MP1, which fits the description of truly balanced, and I have never had the slightest issue with hum. The phono inputs are XLR only. Grounding too is a non-issue. I once tried to tabulate a list of balanced phono stages; it was a short one.

You can even do balanced with one RCA plug, if you care to build your own phono cables. You just run one phase via the center pin and the other phase via the usual "ground" collar on an RCA. In that case, the shield, and anything else that you want to connect to ground, would connect externally to the chassis, not to the ground collar. I am not sure about this, but if the ground of a single-ended phono circuit is well isolated from chassis ground, then the single RCA plug used in balanced mode scenario might ameliorate hum problems, which is the only good reason for using balanced input into an SE circuit. Because an SE circuit will not give you the other benefits of balanced operation, such as Common Mode Rejection of noise.

 

RE: Hum, posted on March 31, 2015 at 18:52:10
Ugly
Audiophile

Posts: 2912
Location: Des Moines, WA
Joined: August 22, 2006
Back when single ended circuitry started dominating consumer audio, likely for cost reasons I'd guess, there were much fewer sources of noise concern and single ended gear probably worked better.

"Other experimentation revealed that the damn thing produced substantial hum even with the cartridge shorted at the cartridge."

It is not completely trivial to pull off a no hum, high gain, high input impedance preamp design within close proximity of the power supply transformers. Might have to hire real designers and give them a real budget to play with.

 

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